Knowledge base

1. Altitude and Transition Level

Transition altitude (fixed): 10,000 ft.

The transition level is not fixed and depends on the local QNH:

2. RVSM (Reduced Vertical Separation Minima)

The RVSM area is between FL290 and FL410.

For eastbound flights, you should use an odd flight level (FL290, FL310, etc.).
For westbound flights, use an even flight level (FL300, FL320, etc.).

3. Units of Measurement

4. Transponder Codes

For IFR flights, the transponder code will be assigned by the controller at first contact. If your departure airport is in uncontrolled airspace, do not set your own code! In this case, use the default transponder code: 2000.

For visual flights, you should use the standard transponder code 7000.

Special transponder codes: 7600 (radio communication failure), 7700 (emergency).

5. Speed Restrictions

Below 10,000 ft, the maximum indicated airspeed (IAS) should not exceed 250 knots.
This restriction may only be lifted by ATC.

6. Visual Flight Rules

VFR flights are conducted within class C, D, G airspace under the following conditions:
a) flights are conducted only during the day;
b) at the departure and arrival airports, the lower cloud base is at least 450 m or ground visibility is at least 5 km;
c) the SSR transponder mode A/C is operational for flights in ATC classes C and D;
d) the flight plan (FPL) is submitted to the appropriate ATC authorities for flights in classes C and D.

VFR flights are not conducted (exceptions may be made for takeoff or landing):
a) over densely populated areas of large cities, towns, or gatherings of people outdoors at a true altitude below 300 m above the highest obstacle within a 600 m radius from the aircraft;
b) in any other areas, except those mentioned in point a), at a true altitude below 150 meters above the ground or water surface.

7. Airspace Classification

Ukrainian airspace is divided into three classes:

a) In class C airspace, IFR and VFR flights are allowed. All flights are subject to ATC. Aircraft flying IFR are separated from other aircraft flying IFR and VFR. Aircraft flying VFR are separated from IFR flights and receive traffic information on other VFR flights.

b) In class D airspace, IFR and VFR flights are allowed. All aircraft are subject to ATC. Aircraft flying IFR are separated from other IFR flights and receive traffic information on VFR flights. Aircraft flying VFR receive information on other flights within this airspace.

c) In class G airspace, VFR flights are allowed and flight information services are provided.

8. Uncontrolled Airspace

In uncontrolled airspace, you must broadcast your actions on the UNICOM text frequency 122.8.